Industrial+Revolution+&+Intellectual+Development

**Ayushi, Rhiannon, Sadie**  **1800~1870**

**“We don't have to protect the environment, the Second Coming is at hand” ~James Watt**

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain around the 1780’s. Britain had a ready supply of money and resources called ** capital. ** **Entrepreneurs **would finance Britain and develop the industrial revolution. The **cottage industry **was doing great and it was improved by **James Watt. **In 1782, he improved the stream engine and increased cotton cloth production. **Henry Cort **developed a process called **puddling **. In the eighteenth century, the first steam-powered locomotive ran on railroads. The first railroads extended from Liverpool to Manchester. New factories were being made and this started the spread of industrialization.

**Robert Fulto ** **n** built the first paddle-wheel steamboat called the //Clermont//. The middle class started to grow even faster which causedthe rise of **industrial capitalism **. **Socialism **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">began and it had a large impact on all the people. **<span style="color: red; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">Romanticism **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">emerged as a reaction to the ideas of the Enlightenment. Next in the 1850’s, there appeared realism, which created literary and visual arts. Classic literature emerged and one of the peoples who started this was **<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Ludwig van Beethoven **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">was the bridge between the classical and romantic periods in music. In biology, **<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Louis Pasteur **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">proposed the germ theory and developed a vaccine against rabies while a Russian chemist, **<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Dmitri **<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">**Mendeleev** <span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">, organized the first periodic table.

**<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">Michael Faraday **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">put together his first generator and named it //Dynamo//. With all these new ideas coming, **<span style="color: red; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">secularization **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">increased. **<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">Charles Darwin **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">emphasized the ideas of **<span style="color: red; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">organic evolution **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">and **<span style="color: red; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">natural selection **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">, and **<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">Charles Dickens **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">became a successful author with his realistic novels such as //David Copperfield// and //Oliver Twist//. Lots of different inventions were also created during this time. For example, **<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">Thomas Edison **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">invented the light bulb. **<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">Alexander Graham Bell **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">was credited with inventing the telephone in 1876. All this started a controversy and a group of people called **<span style="color: red; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">revisionists **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">.


 * 1848 || * //The Communist Manifesto// is published ||
 * 1861 || * First Civil War battle fought in United States ||
 * 1871 || * British unions gain legal recognition ||
 * 1876 || * Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone ||
 * 1888 || * Eastman creates the Kodak Camera ||
 * 1889 || * Daimler and Maybach build gasoline powered cars ||
 * 1901 || * Marconi sends radio waves across the Atlantic ||
 * 1905 || * A revolution in Russia produces limited reforms ||
 * 1914 || * World War I begins ||

**Important Terms:** **Important People:** >
 * 1) revisionists- These were Communists in favor of revising Marxism as a justification for a retreat from a revolutionary position to create a socialist society.
 * 2) organic evolution- This was the basis of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, as illustrated in his "On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection".
 * 3) natural selection- This was Charles Darwin's belief that some organisms are more adaptable to their environment. The phrase "survival of the fittest" was coined by his assistant.
 * 4) industrial capitalism- This was an economic system based on industrial production. The industrial revolution was based on this system in which goods are produced efficiently in factories.
 * 5) romanticism- This was a new intellectual movement emphasizing emotion, imagination, and feelings, as opposed to rationalism, where logic is emphazed.
 * 6) entrepreneurs- These are business people interested in finding new business opportunities and ways to make profits. Many entrepreneurs start their own businesses.
 * 7) puddling- This was a process invented by Henry Cort to create higher quality iron without impurities. It involved stirring molten iron in an oxidizing environment, thus removing much of the carbon of the iron.
 * 8) cottage industry- This was a production method predating factories in which tasks are done by individuals in rural homes. This was much less efficient than factory production.
 * 9) secularization- This was the indifference of rejection of religion or religious considerations. Charles Darwin set this off with his "Descent of Man," suggesting that humans were descended from monkeys.
 * 10) capital- This was a ready supply of money available for the use of a company for investment in something that would be profitable.
 * 1) James Watt- Known as the “Godfather of the Industrial Revolution,” James Watt worked with steam engines and had a unit of power named after him: the watt.
 * 2) Henry Cort- This man made a way to produce much higher-quality iron than was previously available. It involved heating raw iron in an oxidizing environment in order to take much of the carbon, which made the metal brittle, out of the iron.
 * 3) Louis Pasteur- This biologist discovered a way to kill bacteria, which was subsequently named after him: pasteurization. This process is commonly used on milk.
 * 4) Dmitri Mendeleev- This chemist created an almost-modern periodic table of the elements based on the weights of one atom of the element.
 * 5) Charles Darwin- This scientist was the man who originally thought of organic evolution by means of natural selection. His document, “The Descent of Man,” caused controversy between the church and scientists.
 * 6) Thomas Edison- Known as “The Wizard of Menlow Park,” this scientist was the inventor of the lightbulb and many other light-related inventions such as the silent movie device.
 * 7) Alexander Graham Bell- This sound-related scientist was the genius who invented the telephone. His first message over the telephone indicating his success was rather anticlimatic, however. It was “Watson, will you come here, please?”
 * 8) Robert Fulton- Robert Fulton was the inventor of the first steam powered boat, the Clermont. This greatly increased the ability of companies to ship goods upriver.
 * 9) Michael Faraday- This shockingly smart man was the inventor of one of the first electricity generators, named Dynamo. He also designed the Faraday cage.
 * 10) Ludwig van Beethoven- This musical genius was one of the greatest musicians in history. He bridged the gap between Romantic and Classical style music.

**For More Information:** media type="youtube" key="3Efq-aNBkvc" height="315" width="420" media type="youtube" key="TEVEBzNSwTU" height="315" width="560"
 * 1) If you want more information on [|James Watt], this website provides a full summary of his life and his accomplishments, including his work on the steam engine.
 * 2) If you want more information on [|Charles Dickens], this site provides an account of his childhood and adult life and his written works.
 * 3) If you want more information on the topic of [|the industrial revolution], this site summarizes many of the major events of this momentous era.
 * 4) If you want more information on the topic of [|evolution], this site explains much of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
 * 5) If you want more information on [|Robert Fulton], this website discusses his life and work with the steam boat, used to ship things upriver.
 * 6) If you want more information on the topic of [|factories during the Industrial Revolution], this website tells about the conditions of the first factories.
 * 7) If you want more information on [|the top ten inventors of the industrial revolution], this website provides a list of the most influential inventors and their inventions.
 * 8) If you want more information on [|Gottlieb Daimler], this website summarizes Daimler's working career and his partnership with Maybach.
 * 9) If you want more information on [|the process of puddling, invented by Henry Cort], this website provides the details of the process.
 * 10) If you want more information on [|the writings of Charles Darwin], this website hosts the complete publications, private papers and manuscripts, and other supplementary works to complement Charles Darwin's papers.