Indian+Independence

Ayushi, Rhiannon, Sadie 1919~1947 ** A coward is incapable of exhibiting love; it is the prerogative of the brave. ** **~ Mahatma Gandhi **

  LINKS:
 * 1) If you want more information about the history of Indian Independance, this site talks more about the major events that took place there.
 * 2) If you want more information about Queen Victoria this site tells you the whole biography of her from her childhood to her time of death.
 * 3) If you want more information about Rowlatt Act this site talks more about it and how it affected the independence movement in the end.
 * 4) If you want more information about Amritsar Massacre this site tells you the history behind it and the number of poeple who died in it as well.
 * 5) If you want more information about Brigadier Reginald Dyer this site talks about all his accomplishments including his most important one, India.
 * 6) If you want more information about Mohandas Gandhi this site talks about all his achievements from when he was a teenager to his time of death.
 * 7) If you want more information about Satyagraha this site is about what the book Satyadraha is about and how Gandhi was inspired to write this.
 * 8) If you want more information about The Great Trial this site tells you more about the Great Trial and what went on inside and out.


 * 1) If you want more information about Muslim League this site explains how and why it was formed so the Muslims could live in peace.
 * 2) If you want more information about Salt March this site talks about the way the Salt March went, who led it, and how it ended.



**10 IMPORTANT PEOPLE: **
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Mahatma Gandhi:** Mahatma Gandhi was responsible for the independence in India; he was a freedom fighter who protested by marches and was assassinated in 1948.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Queen Victoria:** Queen Victoria was the Queen of England during this time period and was considered to be very influential in the world
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Brigadier Reginald Dyer:** Brigadier Reginald Dyer was also known as 'The Butcher of Amritsar' and was very well known among the British commanders
 * 4) <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Kasturba:** Kasturba was the wife of Gandhi was helped and supported every decision Gandhi made during his fight for freedom
 * 5) **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Mother Teresa: ** Mother Teresa was born in 1901 and died in 1997. She helped aid the sick and the poor and got a Nobel prize award for it in 1979
 * 6) **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Muhammad Ali Jinnah: ** Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the leader of The Muslim League and helped establish many of its causes
 * 7) **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Lord Mountbatten: ** Lord Mountbatten was the last viceroy of India. After that there were none because he was the last one
 * 8) **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Nathuram Godse: ** Nathuram Godse was the one person who assassinated Gandhi in 1948 by shooting him in the chest in a large crowd
 * 9) **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Jewaharla Nehru: **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Jewaharla Nehru was also known as 'Pandit', which means teacher. He was India's first Prime Minister till 1964
 * 10) **<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Indra Gandhi: ** Indra Gandhi was Jewaharla Nehru's daughter and also the first woman to lead India. She ruled from 1966 to 1983

**<span style="color: #d54848; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">10 IMPORTANT TERMS: ** >
 * 1) Salt March: This was the peaceful march led by Mohandas Gandhi that broke the law forbidding Indians to make their own salt. It was part of his policy of civil disobedience.
 * 2) Indian National Congress: This was the group founded in 1855 to try to reform India. It wanted India to be independent from the British people.
 * 3) Indian Independence Act: This was the act declaring India independent from British rule in on August 15, 1947. There were therefore no more British viceroys controlling India.
 * 4) Civil Disobedience: This was Gandhi's policy for dealing with laws that were unjust. He merely refused to obey the laws he considered to be unfair to the Indian people.
 * 5) Kashmir: This was a region that India and Pakistan were in constant conflict over. Pakistan controls part of it and India controls the other part. It is a place of great tension.
 * 6) Sikhs: These were people who followed Sikhism. This religion was founded by Nanak. Sikhs mostly live in the region of the Punjab in India.
 * 7) Muslim League: This was the organization formed by Muslims in 1906 to protect their interests against British rule. It resulted partly in the formation of Pakistan.
 * 8) Amritsar: This was the site of a horrible massacre led by a British commander. There was a crowd of demonstraters and the army fired into the crowd. This convinced Indians that they needed to rule themselves.
 * 9) Punjab: This is a region that is primarily occupied by Sikhs. It is a northern province of India. The Sikhs wanted independence like the Muslims got with Pakistan.
 * 10) Mahatma: This was a term that referred to Gandhi. It literally means "Great Soul." This was not his only nickname. He was also referred to as Bapu, "Father." [[image:Indira_Gandhi.jpg caption="Indra Gandhi"]]

Mohandas Gandhi was an influence on India even before WWI. By the time World War I started, he was already being referred to as "Mahatma," which means great soul. In 1914, he left South Africa and started to organize resistance against the rule of the British Empire. He used principles of civil disobedience, which meant disobeying laws that were unfair. In 1919, these peaceful protests were disrupted by a massacre led by British troops. The Amritsar Massacre became a motivation for the Indian people to end the British power over India. Gandhi was then put in prison for a time.When Gandhi was released from prison, he resumed his work of civil disobedience, and told people to protest British unfairness by not paying their taxes and not buying English-made goods. In 1930, Gandhi led a march known as the Salt March to the sea and picked up a pinch of salt, which was in direct violation of a law that forbid Indians to make their own salt. He and many of his followers were once again arrested. Also in the 1930s, there entered a new complication: Jawaharlal Nehru, a new Indian politician. The path to Indian independence split into two, with the people following Nehru being secular, Western, and modern, and those following Gandhi being religious, Indian, and traditional. Since both of these groups were mainly Hindu, however, the Muslims became worried and created their own party, the Muslim League. They started pushing for the formation of Pakistan, a separate Muslim state. In 1935, Great Britain passed the Government of India Act. It gave Indians more power in their government. The Legislative Council became a two-house parliament, with 2/3 of its Indian members to now be elected. It also gave more Indians the right to vote. However, the Indian National Congress was still dissatisfied with this. They started pushing for complete independence of India from Great Britain. Eventually, British leaders gave independence to Pakistan and India. This caused a massive relocation of Hindus not wanting to be in Pakistan and Muslims not wanting to be in India. Due to this migration, there was lots of fighting between the interacting groups. One of the people killed was Mohandas Gandhi. After the Indian Independence Act, the Indian National Congress, now called the Congress Party, started to govern with Jawaharlal Nehru at its head. Under Nehru's leadership, industrial production increased threefold in 15 years. After Nehru, his daughter, Indiri Gandhi, became prime minister. During this time, Mother Teresa came to Calcutta and helped the poor, sick, and dying. She also dealt with the Sikhs wanting their own independent state, Punjab. She refused and used military force against Sikh rebels. She was later assassinated by two of her Sikh guards. Her son Rajiv replaced her and started to encourage private enterprise. He was also assassinated, and the Congress Party lost power. Later, Muslim-Hindu riots broke out when Hindu militants destroyed a Muslim shrine. India and Pakistan are also still in conflict over a region called Kashmir. This danger escalated when both countries became nuclear capable.
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